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What Are Gallstones? What Causes Gallstones?
Gallstones are lumps or stones that develop in the gallbladder or bile duct. Some of the chemicals which exist in the gallbladder, such as cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate, harden into either one large stone or many small ones. According to Medilexicon"s medical dictionary, a gallstone is "A concretion in the gallbladder or a bile duct, composed chiefly of a mixture of cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate, occasionally as a pure stone composed of just one of these substances". An article describes a gallbladder in the bile duct similar to trying to squeeze a golf ball through a straw.
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Intestinal Cells Surprisingly Active In Pursuit Of Nutrition And Defense
Every cell lining the small intestine bristles with thousands of tightly packed microvilli that project into the gut lumen, forming a brush border that absorbs nutrients and protects the body from intestinal bacteria. In the June 29, 2009 issue of the Journal of Cell Biology, Matthew McConnell, Matthew Tyska, and colleagues now find that microvilli extend their functional reach even further using a molecular motor to send vesicles packed with gut enzymes out into the lumen to get a head start on breaking down their substrates.
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Undiagnosed Celiac Disease More Common Today Than 50 Years Ago Say US Researchers
US researchers said that undiagnosed cases of celiac disease, where the immune system has a strong adverse reaction to the protein found in
Diagnostics

Embera NeuroTherapeutics Announces Expansion Of Management Team After Successful Completion Of Pilot Study Of Cocaine Addiction Treatment

Embera NeuroTherapeutics, Inc., a specialty pharmaceutical company developing novel treatments for drug addiction and obesity, announced today that the company has recently expanded its management team to prepare for its next stage of development, following the successful completion of the company"s pilot study of cocaine addiction treatment. Bob Linke was named President and CEO earlier this year, bringing over twenty-four years of healthcare experience to the company that includes building two life science companies. Mr. Linke has also held senior management positions at Baxter International and Caremark. Dr. Bruce McCarthy recently joined as Embera"s consultant Chief Medical Officer and Vice President of Clinical Development. Dr. McCarthy, a neurologist, has extensive experience in neurology and psychiatry drug development and previously led neuroscience clinical development at Pfizer. Dr. Carol Gloff has also joined the company as a pharmaceutical regulatory consultant. Dr. Gloff has over twenty-five years experience in drug development and regulatory affairs, from preparation of INDs through FDA product approval. Prior to establishing her consulting practice, Dr. Gloff was Vice President of Regulatory Affairs for Alkermes and ImmunoGen. At the end of 2008, the company completed a forty-five subject pilot study of its lead combination drug product, EMB-001, in cocaine dependent subjects at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center"s Psychopharmacology Research Clinic. This was the first placebo-controlled investigation in humans with EMB-001, the combination drug approach developed by Embera"s Chief Scientific Officer, Dr. Nicholas Goeders. The company believes its treatment approach, which targets the neurological mechanisms of addiction, may also prove useful in other addiction disorders such as smoking and alcohol dependence. Mr. Linke commented: "I am very excited to serve as the new President and CEO of Embera as the company prepares for its next phase of development. The positive findings in the company"s pilot clinical study of craving in cocaine dependent subjects, along with the preclinical studies conducted at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center by Embera"s Chief Scientific Officer, Dr. Nicholas Goeders, laid the foundation for the company"s plans to move EMB-001 forward in clinical development. There is a significant unmet need for new treatments for individuals who suffer from addictions or eating disorders in obesity. Embera"s novel approach to addressing these disorders offers the potential of new treatment options for these populations." Embera is currently raising capital to advance the clinical development of its lead combination drug product, EMB-001, in a financing round led by its current investors, Louisiana Ventures and Louisiana Fund I. Ross Barrett, Chairman of Embera NeuroTherapeutics and Managing Partner of Louisiana Ventures, LP commented: "The Board is enthused about our expanded management team that includes new CEO Bob Linke, as well as Dr. McCarthy and Dr. Gloff. Their commitment speaks volumes regarding the potential value EMB-001 can bring to addiction and obesity-related therapeutics." Embera NeuroTherapeutics, Inc.


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