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Inflammatory Molecules Promote Liver Scarring
Scarring of the liver, which can progress to cirrhosis and/or cancer of the liver, is caused by persistent liver damage, such as occurs in those with untreated hepatitis C or alcoholism. Although such scarring (fibrosis) develops in an inflammatory environment, the role of inflammatory molecules has not been well defined. However, a team of researchers at Columbia University, New York, and UCSD, La Jolla, has established that the proteins CCR1 and CCR5 and the soluble inflammatory molecules that bind to them promote the development of liver fibrosis in mice.
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Sotomayor Calls Roe 'Settled Law,' Says Health Of Woman Must Be Considered
During the second day of her Senate Judiciary Committee confirmation hearings, Supreme Court nominee Sonia Sotomayor said she views the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision legalizing abortion in the U.S. as settled law reaffirmed by subsequent Supreme Court rulings, the Washington Post reports (Goldstein et al., Washington Post, 7/15). At Tuesday"s hearing, lawmakers pressed Sotomayor on her views regarding abortion rights and Supreme Court precedent, the New York Times reports. She told committee members that the contraception rights case that is the foundation for Roe was "the precedent of the court, so it is settled law." She also said the 1992 ruling in Casey v. Planned Parenthood "reaffirmed the core holding of Roe," adding, "That is the precedent of the court and settled law in terms of the holding of the court" (Savage, New York Times, 7/15). Sotomayor said that "there is a right of privacy" and that the Supreme Court "has found it in various places in the Constitution." She cited the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure and the 14th Amendment guaranteeing equal protection of the law (AP/Yahoo! News, 7/14).Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) asked Sotomayor if she considered the 2007 ruling in Gonzales v. Carhart an example of settled law. In the case, the court voted 5-4 to uphold the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. The ruling was the first time since Roe that the court upheld an abortion restriction that made no exception for the health of the woman, the Times reports. In her response, Sotomayor said that "[a]ll precedent of the Supreme Court I consider settled law, subject to the deference the doctrine of stare decisis would counsel," although she did not address the health exception component of the Gonzales case.Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) later pressed Sotomayor to elaborate on her views on Gonzales. Feinstein noted that at least seven Supreme Court rulings prior to the 2007 case stated that abortion laws "cannot put a woman"s health at risk." She added that Gonzales "essentially removed this basic constitutional right for women." Feinstein asked Sotomayor, "When there are multiple precedents and a question arises, are all the previous decisions discarded, or should the court re-examine all the cases on point?" Sotomayor replied that she does not consider Gonzales to be a precedent making it settled law that health exceptions for abortion laws are constitutionally unnecessary. She said, "That was, I don"t believe, a rejection of its prior precedents," which are "still precedents of the court." Sotomayor added that the "health and welfare of a woman must be -- must be a compelling consideration." Feinstein pressed Sotomayor to clarify that she meant that it is still settled that abortion restrictions must have health exceptions. Sotomayor said, "It has been a part of the court"s jurisprudence and a part of its precedents. Those precedents must be given deference in any situation that arises before the court" (New York Times, 7/15).Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) asked Sotomayor if the Constitution prohibits Congress or state legislatures "from defining life or regulating the rights of the unborn or protecting the right of the unborn in the first trimester?" Sotomayor began to cite the 14th Amendment to answer the question. Graham interrupted, asking, "[I]s there÷ anything in the document written about abortion?" Sotomayor said the "word "abortion" is not used in the Constitution, but the Constitution does have a broad provision concerning a liberty provision under the due process" clause (Holman, "NewsHour with Jim Lehrer," PBS, 7/14).Graham also asked Sotomayor about her work with the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, which had submitted legal briefs in the past that supported public funding for abortion coverage for low-income women. Sotomayor served on the group"s board from 1980 to 1992. She said that she "wasn"t aware of what was said in those briefs." She noted that she had served on the board but was not a lawyer for the gro
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Acceleron To Present ACE-031 Preclinical Study Results As Treatment For Loss Of Muscle Mass And Function
Acceleron Pharma, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics that modulate the growth of cells and tissues including red blood cells, bone, and muscle, today announced it will provide three oral presentations on data from its ACE-031 program at the Endocrine Society"s 91st Annual Meeting to be held in Washington, DC from June 10-13, 2009. The presentations will provide results from preclinical studies highlighting the effects of its lead investigational product for treating diseases involving the loss of muscle mass and function.
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St. Jude Medical Announces Results From STAR-AF Trial

St. Jude Medical, Inc. (NYSE:STJ) announced the results from the Substrate versus Trigger Ablation for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation (STAR-AF) trial. The findings were presented during a late-breaking clinical trials session at Heart Rhythm 2009, the annual Heart Rhythm Society"s Scientific Sessions in Boston. The STAR-AF trial, sponsored by St. Jude Medical, was an open, randomized, prospective, multicenter clinical trial involving 108 patients, administered in several Canadian and European centers. Designed as a three arm trial, it compared the generally accepted treatment approach of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), with complex fractionated electrogram (CFE) guided therapy, and with a third arm that combined the two therapies. The primary endpoint of the trial was relief of atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes of 30 seconds duration or greater, up to 12 months after treatment. Study results indicate that after one ablation procedure, a combination of PVI and CFE guided therapy demonstrated significantly higher freedom from AF, at 74 percent, as compared to PVI alone at 47 percent and CFE guided therapy alone at 29 percent. Importantly, 94 percent of patients who received the combination of these treatments remained off any anti-arrhythmic medications at the end of the 12-month follow-up period. Atrial fibrillation is a condition in which the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat rapidly and erratically, affecting the heart"s ability to adequately pump blood to its lower chambers (ventricles) and subsequently to the rest of the body. The STAR-AF trial studied patients with both symptomatic high burden paroxysmal (intermittent, but frequent and prolonged AF) and those with persistent AF. These two groups represent the largest subset of patients with AF; they experience varying degrees of intermittent AF episodes. The study participants had been unresponsive to medication that is meant to alleviate symptoms or the abnormal heart rhythm itself. "While many unanswered questions remain about the origins of and best treatment options for AF, the results of STAR-AF indicate that perhaps traditional pathways are not the optimal ones. By mapping for the areas of CFE during AF ablation, we have demonstrated an incremental benefit for patients who historically may have undergone only a PVI," said Atul Verma, M.D., an electrophysiologist in the Heart Rhythm Program at Southlake Regional Health Centre in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada, who was the principal investigator in the study. "Moreover, I feel that using an automated method for identifying the areas of CFE removes some of the subjectivity that exists in accurately targeting those regions of interest, and may be useful to physicians as they perform AF ablation." CFEs are highly random and chaotic electrical signals in the atria that may be a of origin or perpetuation of AF - they are extremely difficult to identify accurately by visual inspection alone. Therefore, an automatic algorithm from St. Jude Medical"s EnSite™ System was used to identify these regions in the patients randomized to receive this treatment course. The CFE guided therapy alone and hybrid PVI and CFE guided therapy strategies were being studied because often a PVI alone will result in either recurrence of AF or another complicated atrial rhythm that requires additional patient intervention. "The results of the STAR-AF trial represent an important step toward understanding the best set of tools and therapies for treating cardiac arrhythmias, such as AF, and highlights St. Jude Medical"s commitment to providing pioneering research to improve treatment of this condition," said Denis Gestin, president of the St. Jude Medical International Division. "Our sponsorship of this trial demonstrates our dedication to partnering with physicians to answer the many questions that exist about the treatment of AF." AF is the most common abnormal heart rhythm and affects an estimated 2.3 million people in North America and 4.5 million Europeans. AF is responsible for 15 to 20 percent of all strokes, is a contributor to heart failure and is a leading cause of hospitalizations. Heart Rhythm 2009 takes place May 13-16 at the Boston Exhibition and Convention Center. The meeting is the most comprehensive educational event on heart rhythm disorders, offering approximately 250 educational opportunities in multiple formats. The world"s most renowned scientists and physicians will present a wide range of heart rhythm topics including cardiac resynchronization therapy, catheter ablation, cardiac pacing and heart failure and the latest technology, including state-of-the-art pacemakers and defibrillators. http://www.HRSonline.org. St. Jude Medical


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